一、概述

I. Introduction

        板框壓濾機是一種間歇操作的加壓過濾設備，適用于各種懸浮液的固液分離。它是由濾板的濾框（板框式）組成或由濾板排列（廂式）組成濾室，在輸料泵的作用下，把懸浮液（料液）壓入各個濾室，再利用過濾質(zhì)介質(zhì)（常用濾布，也可用濾紙、濾膜等）把固體和液體分離開來。廂式又有普通濾板和隔膜板之分。壓濾機廣泛適用于石油、化工、制藥、制糖、冶金、食品、陶瓷、淀粉、洗煤、染料、油漆及各行業(yè)的污水處理等領域。

Plate and frame filter press is a kind of  pressure filtration equipment that works intermittently. It applies to  solid-liquid separation of various kinds of suspension. Its filter chamber is  composed of (plate-frame type) filter frames of filter plates or composed of  arranged (chamber-type) filter plates. Under the action of delivery pump, press  the suspension (feed liquid) into each filter chamber. Then use filter media  (usually filter cloth, sometimes filter paper, filter membrane, etc) to  separate the solid from the liquid. The chamber-type filter plates are then  divided into common filter plates and diaphragm plates. The filter presses are  widely used in the fields of petroleum, chemicals, pharmacy, sugaring,  metallurgy, food, ceramics, starch, coal washing, dyeing, and painting and for  sewage treatment in various industries.

壓濾機系列有320、450、630、800、1000、1250、1500、Φ800、Φ1000型板框式及廂式，過濾面積0。5㎡-500㎡。板框材質(zhì)有鑄鐵、球鐵、增強聚丙烯、玻璃纖維聚丙稀（耐溫120℃）及不銹鋼等。壓緊形式有手動壓緊、千斤頂壓緊、機械壓緊、液壓壓緊、自動保壓壓緊及先進的微機程控全動控制等。過濾形式有明流、暗流、明流可洗、暗流可洗和雙向交叉洗滌。聚丙烯材質(zhì)具有化學性能穩(wěn)定、耐酸堿、耐腐蝕、無毒、無味、無污染、操作輕便等特點。

The filter press series have 320, 450, 630,  800, 1000, 1250, 1500, Φ800, and Φ1000 plate-frame type and chamber-type ones.  Their filtering area is 0.5㎡ to 500㎡. The plate frame can be made of cast iron,  spheroidal graphite cast iron, reinforced PP, glass fiber PP (abele to endure  the temperature of 120℃),  stainless steel, etc. The pressing forms include manual pressing, jack  pressing, mechanical pressing, hydraulic pressing, automatic maintaining  pressure pressing, and advanced minicomputer program control automatic control.  The filtering forms include open flow, undercurrent flow, open flow that can be  washed, undercurrent flow that can be washed, and two-way cross-washing.  Polypropylene materials have characteristics such as stable chemical property,  acid-alkali resistance, corrosion resistance, no toxin, no taste, no pollution,  and easy operation.

本公司生產(chǎn)的系列壓濾機均符合國家和行業(yè)有關標準規(guī)定，也可按用戶需要，生產(chǎn)特種型號和規(guī)格的壓濾機產(chǎn)品。

The series of filter press manufactured by  this company conform to relevant national and industrial standards. We can also  provide filter press products of special models and specifications according to  the requirements of users.

        二、技術(shù)參數(shù)

II. Technical Parameter

        手動千斤頂壓緊增強聚丙烯板框式壓濾機

Manual jack pressing  reinforced PP plate and frame filter press

三、結(jié)構(gòu)與使用說明

III. Structure and Instruction

        壓濾機由四部分組成，即主機架部份、過濾部份、壓緊部份和控制系統(tǒng)。

Such filter press consists of  four parts, i.e. main frame part, filtering part, pressing part, and control  system.

1、主機架部分

1. Main frame Part

機架是設備的基礎，用于支撐過濾結(jié)構(gòu)與連接其他部件。它由止推板、壓緊板、壓緊架、主梁等部件組成。工作時，壓緊架（或油缸）的絲杠（或活塞桿）在壓力的作用下，頂緊壓緊板與濾板、濾框、濾布，保證料液在濾室內(nèi)不漏液地進行加壓過濾。

The main frame is the basis of equipment  which is used to support the filtering structure and connect other parts. It is  composed of thrust plate, pressing plate, pressing frame, girder, etc. During  operation, the lead screw (or piston rod) of pressing frame (or  hydro-cylinder), under the action of pressure, jack up the pressing plate and  filter plate, filter frame, and frame cloth, to ensure the feed liquid can be  pressurized and filtered without any leakage in the filter chamber.

2、過濾部分

2. Filtering Part

過濾部分由若干塊濾板、濾框組成，且按一定順序排列在主梁上，濾板與濾框之間夾著濾布。

The filtering part is composed of several  filter plates and filter frames which are arranged on the girder in certain  order. Between the filter plate and filter frame is clipped filter cloth.

物料從止推板上的進料孔進入各濾室，固體顆料因粒徑大于過濾介質(zhì)的空隙而被截流在濾室內(nèi)，并形成濾餅，液體則通過濾布從液孔排出，出液方式有明流、暗流。每個濾板下方有一個出液孔，并裝有水咀，這種從每塊濾板水咀排除的方法叫明流；若把各塊濾板的濾液匯合在一起，由一個出液通道排除機外，這種形式叫暗流。

The materials enter each filter chamber  from the feeding mouth in the thrust plate. The solid particles are intercepted  in the filter chamber since its particle diameter is larger than the gap of  filter media and then form filter cake. The liquid is discharged from the  liquid hole through the filter cloth. Liquid can be discharged through flow and  undercurrent flow. There is a discharge hole below every filter plate. Besides,  it is equipped with nozzle. Such method of discharging from the nozzle of every  filter plate is called open flow. The filtering method of discharging out of  the machine through a discharging passage when the filter liquid from each  filter plate converges is called undercurrent flow.

壓濾機根據(jù)是否需要洗滌濾餅又可分為可洗和不可洗兩種形式。需進行洗滌濾餅的稱可洗型，反之稱為不可洗型。可洗型的濾板有兩種形式，一種板上開有洗滌液進孔，稱為有孔濾板（也稱為洗滌板）；另一種未開洗滌液進孔，稱為無孔濾板（也稱非洗滌板）。可洗型又有單向洗滌和雙向（交叉）洗滌之分。單向洗滌的濾板，有孔濾板和無孔濾板間隔放置；雙向洗滌的濾板，都為有孔濾板，但相鄰兩塊濾板的洗滌孔應錯開，可洗分為明流可洗和暗流可洗，明流可洗是在止推板與濾板上設有希液孔，穿過濾餅，從無孔濾板排除，雙向洗滌時，先從壓濾機側(cè)洗液進行單向洗滌，然后環(huán)另一側(cè)進行洗滌，明流可洗適于無污染、無氣味、無毒、不揮發(fā)的物料。

The filter presses can be divided into  washable filter presses and unwashable filter presses based on whether it is  necessary to wash the filter cake. The filter presses for which the filter cake  needs to be washed are called washable filter presses. Otherwise, they are  called unwashable filter presses. There is one kind of plate in which inlet  opening of washing liquid is designed. Such kind of plate is called filter  plate with hole (or washing plate). There is the other kind of place in which  inlet opening of washing liquid is not designed. Such kind of plate is called  filter plate with no hole (or non-washing plate). The washable ones are then  divided into one-way washable ones and two-way (crossing) washable ones. The  one-way washable filter plates, filter plates with holes, and filter plates  with no holes shall be placed one by two. Two-way washable filter plates are  all filter places with holes. However, the washing holes of two neighboring  filter places must be staggered. Washable ones are divided into open flow  washable ones and undercurrent flow washable ones. Open flow washing refers to  such process: Liquid holes are designed on the thrust plate and filter plate;  the liquid passes the filter cake and is discharge from the filter plate with  no hole. During two-way washing, first wash liquid from the side of filter  press (one-way wash); then wash it from the other side. Open flow washing  applies to materials that are pollution free, odorless, nontoxic, and  non-volatile.

暗流可洗，此種形式的進料和洗滌與明流可洗一樣，只有出液方式不同，各塊濾板的料液經(jīng)出液通道匯集在一起排出。暗流可洗適應于易揮發(fā)、有毒、有害氣體的物料使用。

Undercurrent flow washable: The feeding and  washing with undercurrent flow washing are similar to that with public flow  washing. Only the liquid discharging methods are different. With this type, the  feed liquid from each filter plate passes the discharging passage and converges  before it is discharged. Undercurrent flow washable applies to materials that  are easily volatile, toxic and harmful.

明流不可洗，但需全部無孔濾板。此種形式只有一個進料通道，物料進入各濾室，液體通過從各塊濾孔排出。

Open flow unwashable: With this type, all  filter plates shall be free of hole. There is only one feeding passage with  such type. The materials go into each filter chamber and liquid is discharged  from each filter hole.

暗流不可洗，但需全部用無孔濾板。該形式有進料通道和出液通道，各濾板的液體匯集于一個通道排出。

Undercurrent flow unwashable: With this  type, all filter plates shall be free of hole. There is both feeding passage  and discharging passage with this type. The liquid from each filter plate  converges in one passage and is then discharged.

隔膜壓榨式壓濾機是在普通廂式基礎上，用一部份隔膜板代替普通濾板，間隔放置于普通濾板之間，在過濾、洗滌后，壓縮氣體充入隔膜板鼓起隔膜（橡膠或聚丙烯），壓榨濾餅，使其含液率顯著降低，提高分離效果。壓榨壓力一般高于過濾壓力0.1Mpa，壓榨時放氣閥關閉，過濾時必須開放氣閥。隔膜壓榨壓濾機也分明流、暗流，其洗滌、吹干等結(jié)構(gòu)原理與普通廂式壓榨機相同。

Membrane-type filter press is a kind of  filter press developed from the common tank-type one. It replaces the common  filter plates with some diaphragm plates which are placed between the common  filter plates one by two. After filtration and washing, compressed air is  inflated into the diaphragm plate to get the diaphragm (rubber or  polypropylene) to bulge. Press the filter cake to get its liquid ratio to decrease  significantly and improve separation effects. The pressing pressure is usually  higher than the filtration pressure 0.1Mpa. The air-release valve must be shut  during pressing but it must be opened during filtration. There is also open  flow and undercurrent flow for membrane-type filter press. Its working  principle for washing, drying, etc is the same as that of common tank-type  filter press.

在壓濾機使用過程中，過濾介質(zhì)（即濾布等）起著關鍵的作用，濾布性能及選型正確與否直接影響著過濾效果。目前所使用的濾布中最常用的是否成纖維經(jīng)紡織而成濾布，其材質(zhì)可分為滌綸、維綸、丙綸、棉綸等，還包括棉紡布、無紡存、篩網(wǎng)、濾紙、微孔膜等。由于濾布材質(zhì)及編織方法不同，其強度、伸長率、通氣性、厚度、耐酸堿度物理化學性能也不均相同。用戶可根據(jù)料漿的顆粒度、密度、粘度、酸堿度、化學成分和過濾額定工藝條件來選擇，以期達到理想的截留效果和過濾速度。濾布在用過一段時間后，其網(wǎng)眼會被物料的細微顆粒堵塞，從而影響過濾效率，所以濾布應定期進行沖洗，使其再生或更換。

During the use of filter press, the filter  medium (such as filter cloth) plays a critical role. Whether the performance  and type of filter cloth are correct directly affects filtration effects. Among  all those types of filter cloth being currently used, the most common one is  textile filter cloth made of synthetic fiber. Its materials include cotton spinning  cloth, nonwoven cloth, screen mesh, filter paper, microporous membrane, etc.  Since the materials and knitting methods of filter cloth are different, their  physical and chemical properties such as strength, elongation degree, air  permeability, thickness, acid-resistance, and alkali-resistance also vary. The  user can choose it according to the granular size, density, viscosity, pH  value, chemical composition, and rated technological conditions of filtration  of slurry, so as to get ideal interception effect and filtration speed. After  the filter cloth has been used for a period of time, its meshed may be blocked  by fine grains of materials, so as to affect filtration efficiency. Therefore,  the filter cloth shall be flushed on a regular basis for reproduction or  replacement.

3、壓緊部分

3. Pressing Part

壓緊形式分手動壓緊、千斤頂壓緊、機械壓緊、液壓壓緊、自動保壓壓緊。

Pressing forms are divided into manual  pressing, jack pressing, mechanical pressing, hydraulic pressing, and automatic  pressure keeping pressing.

（1）手動壓緊和千斤頂壓緊

(1) Manual Pressing and Jack Pressing

手動壓緊是小齒輪傳動大齒輪達到頂壓壓緊板的作用，在小齒輪上利用杠桿從小齒輪傳動大齒輪絲杠。一般一人力量即可。千斤頂壓緊為直接壓緊。

Manual pressing is a pressing form where  the small gears drive the big gears so as to jack up the pressing plate. Use  lever on the small gears to drive the screws of big gears from the small gears.  Usually, this can be realized with the force of only one person. The pressing  of jack is direct pressing.

（2）機械壓緊

(2) Mechanical Pressing

機械壓緊是靠電動機通過減速機，帶動大齒輪絲杠達到頂緊壓緊板，前進或倒退靠正反開關作用。這種形式壓緊力不能夠直接顯示，由電器控制柜自行控制，當電機電流接近額定電流時自動停機，出廠前已調(diào)試合適。

With mechanical pressing, the motor drives  the screws of the big gear through speed reducer, to jack up the pressing  plate. Its forward or backward movement is realized through direct-reverse  switch. For the pressing method, the pressing force can not be directly  displayed and is automatically controlled by the electric control cabinet. When  the motor current approximates the rated current, the machine stops working  automatically. It shall be properly debugged before leaving the factory for shipment.

（3）液壓壓緊

(3) Hydraulic Pressing

液壓壓緊系統(tǒng)由電動機帶動油泵，壓力油經(jīng)控制閥進入油缸，由活塞、活塞桿頂緊或拉開壓緊板而實現(xiàn)。控制方式分為手控式、電控式、自動保壓式和程控自動拉板式四種。

For hydraulic pressing system, the motor  drives the oil pump. The pressure oil enters the hydro-cylinder through the  control valve. Pressing is realized when the piston and piston rod jack up or  pull out the pressing plate. There are four kinds of control method, manual  control, electric control, automatic pressure keeping control, and program  control automatic tie-plate type control.

手動式為壓緊板的壓緊與拉開，靠手拉手動換向閥4來實現(xiàn)。壓緊時，把換向閥推向壓緊位置達到額定壓力后，用絲桿上的鎖緊螺母鎖緊，然后將閥推向中間位置，關閉電動機，開始過濾。當過濾、洗滌等程序結(jié)束后，啟動電動機，應先把換向閥推向壓緊位置，松開絲桿鎖緊螺母后再退，即可打開濾板卸掉濾餅。高壓溢流閥3和抵壓溢流閥5在出廠前已經(jīng)調(diào)試適當，工作中不允許任意調(diào)整，以免損壞零部件。

Manual control is pressing and pulling of  pressing plate which is realized by pulling hand-control directional valve by  hand. During pressing, push the directional control valve 4 to the pressing  position. After the rated pressure is rated, lock it with lock nuts on the lead  screws; then push the valve to the central position, shut down the motor, and  begin to filter it. After the programs such as filtration and washing are  finished, start the motor. First push the direction control valve to the  pressing position; loosen the lock nuts on the lead screws and then move  backward. Then the filter plate can be opened and the filter cake can be  dismantled. The high pressure overflow valve 3 and low pressure overflow value  5 have been debugged properly before leaving the factory for shipment. They can  not be adjusted without permission, so as to avoid their parts.

電控式僅把換向閥4由手動換向閥換為電磁換向閥，工作中只需按動按鈕，其他操作程序與手控式相同。

The electric control type only changes the  direction control valve 4 from manual direction control valve to  electromagnetic directional valve. During operation, only the button needs to  be pressed. Other operation processes are the same with those for the manual  control type.

（4）自動保壓式或程控自動拉板式為壓濾機在壓緊過濾過程中，不需用絲桿鎖緊螺母保壓，而靠控制系統(tǒng)自動控制。

(4) For the automatic  pressure keeping type and program control automatic tie-plate type, there is no  need to lock the nuts with lead screws for pressure retention during the  pressing and filtration processes of filter press. Only automatic control by  the control system is needed.

1. Thrust plate 2. Filter frame 3. Filter plate 4. Girder  5. Pressing plate 6. Jack